{"content_id":"c8m3bmimzt","slug":"dyslipidemia-medication-screening-criteria","locale":"en","schema_type":"Article","category":"knowledge_base","category_name":"Knowledge Base","title":"High Cholesterol Medication and Screening Guidelines","summary":"High cholesterol can increase the risk of atherosclerosis even without symptoms, and no method of cleansing blood vessels without medication has been proven. Lifestyle changes and medication are not alternatives to each other; decisions about both are based on individual risk and test results.","sponsorship_disclosure":null,"affiliate_disclosure":null,"commerce_disclosure":null,"author":{"name":"Injoys Editorial Team","url":"https://injoys.com/ko/about"},"key_points":["High cholesterol is not a matter of washing fat from blood vessels but of managing blood lipid levels and cardiovascular risk.","A single high blood pressure reading at home does not confirm hypertension; measure it repeatedly using the correct posture.","The risks of stroke and heart attack can be reduced, but they cannot be said to be almost 100% preventable.","Carotid ultrasound and brain MRI/MRA are not tests that should be routinely recommended based on age alone for people without symptoms.","Whether medication is needed is determined by evaluating LDL levels together with diabetes, smoking, blood pressure, and existing cardiovascular disease."],"content_markdown":"Hyperlipidemia is a form of dyslipidemia that may require treatment, and there is no way to flush out blood vessels without medication. Diet, exercise, and smoking cessation are fundamental, but they do not replace medication. Medication and additional testing are determined by considering LDL levels, existing conditions, age, and overall cardiovascular risk together.\n\nReference date not specified: Check the Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s National Health Information Portal for the latest figures and diagnostic criteria.\n\n## The Relationship Between Hyperlipidemia and Blood Vessels\n\nHyperlipidemia refers to an abnormal level of lipids in the blood. The term dyslipidemia is also used in clinical practice. Elevated LDL cholesterol is a representative type. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol are also evaluated together.\n\nLDL particles can accumulate in artery walls. An inflammatory response can then lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This is not the same as grease clinging to a drainpipe. It cannot be washed away with a particular food or drink.\n\nLifestyle changes lower blood lipid levels and overall risk. Medications such as statins lower LDL and reduce risk. Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque has been observed with some treatments. This does not mean that existing lesions disappear immediately.\n\nThe original wording of the official criteria can be found in the Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines and the National Health Information Portal. The claims reviewed in this article did not include quotations from official documents or their publication dates.\n\n## What Can Be Managed Without Medication\n\nWhether lifestyle changes alone are sufficient depends on an individual’s risk level. Not everyone is treated in the same way based on a single LDL level. Treatment intensity differs if cardiovascular disease is already present. Diabetes and smoking status are also considered.\n\nThe following habits apply regardless of whether medication is used.\n\n- Quit smoking, including cigarettes and e-cigarettes.\n- Do not start drinking alcohol, or reduce consumption as much as possible.\n- Include vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and fish in your diet.\n- Reduce your intake of saturated fat and trans fat.\n- Do aerobic and strength exercise appropriate for your current condition.\n- Do not reduce or stop prescribed medication on your own.\n\nIt is also incorrect to assume that lifestyle changes are unnecessary when taking medication. Conversely, following healthy lifestyle habits does not mean medication is unnecessary. The two approaches can be used together. Treatment goals should be set with your healthcare provider.\n\n## How to Measure Blood Pressure at Home\n\nHome blood pressure can be interpreted only when it is measured repeatedly under standardized conditions. A rise immediately after exercise or stress differs from resting blood pressure. You should rest quietly before taking a measurement. Cuff size and arm position also affect the result.\n\n1. Rest in a chair for at least 5 minutes before measuring.\n2. Sit with your back supported and both feet on the floor.\n3. Wrap an appropriately sized cuff around your bare upper arm.\n4. Rest your arm comfortably at heart level.\n5. Repeat the measurement at the same time of day and record the results.\n6. Show the device and records to your healthcare provider during your appointment.\n\nA diagnosis should not be confirmed based on a single systolic blood pressure result above 140mmHg. The criteria for office and home blood pressure may differ. Repeated results and accompanying risk factors must be considered together. Very high readings or unusual symptoms require immediate evaluation.\n\nBlood pressure can be an indicator that helps you review your lifestyle and health. However, it is not a health report card meant to induce guilt. Sleep, pain, medications, and caffeine also affect the readings. The cause should not be reduced simply to a lack of willpower.\n\n## Summary by Condition\n\nTreatment and testing priorities vary depending on your current condition. The table below distinguishes situations that require medical care. It does not replace individualized diagnostic criteria.\n\n| Current condition | What to check first | Interpretations to avoid |\n|---|---|---|\n| High LDL without symptoms | Repeat lipid testing and overall cardiovascular risk | Assuming it is safe because there are no symptoms |\n| History of myocardial infarction or stroke | Prescribed treatment and target LDL management | Replacing medication with diet alone |\n| One blood pressure reading above 140mmHg | Repeat measurement after resting and medical consultation | Confirming a diagnosis based on a single reading |\n| Palpitations or an irregular pulse | Medical-grade electrocardiogram and evaluation of the cause | Confirming a diagnosis from smartwatch alerts alone |\n| Sudden onset of neurological symptoms | Immediate evaluation in the emergency room | Waiting until a scheduled screening appointment |\n| Considering screening without symptoms | Need for testing based on risk factors | Scheduling regular MRI scans based on age alone |\n\nSlurred speech or weakness in an arm or leg on one side may indicate an emergency. Sudden visual disturbances and severe headache also require evaluation. These symptoms should not be assessed using home blood pressure records. Use your local emergency medical system.\n\n## Comparison by Test\n\nUndergoing more tests does not necessarily increase the preventive benefit. Testing must account not only for the likelihood of detection but also for false positives and subsequent procedures. Symptoms and risk factors are the primary criteria.\n\n| Test | What it assesses | General use | Points to note |\n|---|---|---|---|\n| Lipid test | LDL, HDL, and triglycerides | Cardiovascular risk assessment and treatment monitoring | Whether fasting is required depends on the test components |\n| Glycated hemoglobin | Average blood glucose level over the past several months | Diabetes screening and management | Some conditions, including anemia, can affect the result |\n| Office and home blood pressure | Resting blood pressure | Hypertension screening and treatment monitoring | Proper posture and repeated measurements are necessary |\n| 12-lead electrocardiogram | Electrical activity of the heart at the time of measurement | Evaluation of arrhythmias and heart conditions | May miss intermittent arrhythmias |\n| Smartwatch ECG | Heart rhythm information while worn | A supplementary record of abnormal signals | Not a medical-grade confirmatory test |\n| Carotid ultrasound | Narrowing and lesions in the neck arteries | Selected when symptoms or examination findings are present | The benefit of screening asymptomatic members of the general public is uncertain |\n| Brain MRI·MRA | Structure of brain tissue and cerebral blood vessels | Selected according to indications such as symptoms and family history | Incidental findings and additional testing are possible |\n\nThe U.S. Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend screening asymptomatic adults for carotid artery stenosis. This conclusion considers not only the ultrasound itself but also the potential harms of subsequent testing and procedures. Guidelines in other countries may differ in their detailed application. Tell your healthcare provider about your personal medical history.\n\n## Criteria for Brain MRI and Cerebral Aneurysm Decisions\n\nThere is no universal standard recommending a one-time brain MRI·MRA for everyone aged 40 or older. The benefits of testing vary according to individual risk factors. Family history and certain genetic disorders may affect the decision. Sudden neurological symptoms require emergency evaluation, not routine screening.\n\nCerebral aneurysms are not treated based on size alone. Their location, shape, and whether they are growing are also considered. Age and procedural risk are compared as well. The claim that every aneurysm at least 4mm in size requires a procedure is inaccurate.\n\nEven if a screening center and a tertiary hospital use the same imaging equipment, the care they provide is not the same. Imaging methods and interpretation experience affect the results. The consultation and follow-up systems for abnormal findings should also be checked. Do not choose a testing facility based on price alone.\n\n## Calculation Example\n\nThe gap between life expectancy and healthy life expectancy must be calculated using the same reference year. Let us make a simple comparison between the stated life expectancies of 79 years for men and 84 years for women and a healthy life expectancy of approximately 66 years. This arithmetic is for illustration and does not represent the latest national statistics.\n\n- Simple gap for men: 79 years−66 years=13 years\n- Simple gap for women: 84 years−66 years=18 years\n\nThis calculation alone does not mean that serious illness begins at age 66. Healthy life expectancy is not an individual’s projected date of disease onset. Statistical definitions of disability and health status are applied. Subtracting figures from different years distorts the interpretation.\n\nBased on the figures provided, the gap for women is 18 years. Therefore, it is also inconsistent with the claim that everyone lives with illness for 10–15 years. An up-to-date comparison requires data from the same institution and the same year. The definitions of the indicators used by WHO or national statistical agencies should also be checked.\n\n## Interpreting Life Expectancy and Organ Aging\n\nLife expectancy is a statistical indicator calculated from current mortality rates. It does not predict the age at which an individual will actually die. Healthy life expectancy also varies depending on the calculation method. Both indicators require a reference year and a definition.\n\nThe rate of tissue regeneration in the human body differs by organ. Not all cells are continually replaced in the same way. Some cells, such as neurons, have limited regenerative capacity. Aging cannot be explained solely as the depletion of organs.\n\nThe medical limit of the human lifespan is not fixed at exactly 100 years either. Genetics and the environment both affect an individual’s lifespan. Infections, cancer, and cardiovascular disease also have an impact. The claim that replacing organs would enable eternal life has no clinical evidence.\n\n## The Practical Meaning of Preventing Stroke and Myocardial Infarction\n\nThe risk of stroke and myocardial infarction can be greatly reduced. However, they cannot be promised to be almost 100% preventable. Residual risk remains, meaning an event can occur even with proper management. Some factors, such as genetics and age, are difficult to change.\n\nPrevention does not end with testing once a year. Blood pressure and diabetes require ongoing management. Smoking and medication adherence must also be checked repeatedly. Lifestyle and treatment adherence between screenings determine outcomes.\n\nThe key management items are as follows.\n\n- Measure blood pressure correctly and treat it.\n- Evaluate lipid levels and cardiovascular risk together.\n- Manage blood glucose if you have diabetes.\n- Quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke.\n- Do not stop prescribed medication on your own.\n- Learn to recognize sudden stroke symptoms.\n\n## Why Cancer and Dementia Cannot Be Explained by Aging Alone\n\nThe risk of cancer generally increases with age. Cellular mutations and changes in immune surveillance are involved. However, cancer cannot be explained solely by the aging of immune cells. Smoking, infections, and genetic factors also affect different types of cancer.\n\nDementia is likewise not the same as normal aging. It has distinct causes, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Blood pressure management is associated with the risk of vascular cognitive impairment. It cannot be stated conclusively that it prevents all dementia.\n\nGrouping cancer and dementia together as simple age-related diseases obscures screening strategies. Cancer screening differs by cancer type and age. Cognitive decline requires an assessment of symptoms and functional changes. A single vascular test does not predict both diseases.\n\n## Common Mistakes\n\nThe most common mistake is understanding health information as though it were about cleaning a drainpipe. Blood vessels cannot be cleansed with a single food. The following claims require particular caution.\n\n- Assuming hyperlipidemia is not a disease and can be left untreated\n- Claiming that a natural food can replace a statin\n- Confirming hypertension based on a single blood pressure reading of 140mmHg\n- Stopping medication when blood pressure returns to normal\n- Confirming atrial fibrillation based on smartwatch alerts alone\n- Viewing carotid ultrasound as an essential test for everyone\n- Treating a 4mm cerebral aneurysm as a uniform threshold for a procedure\n- Assuming that identical MRI equipment means identical interpretation and follow-up care\n\nTesting costs also cannot be stated as a fixed amount. They vary by medical institution and whether insurance coverage applies. Before testing, check the total cost and the scope of follow-up consultation. Ask about the care pathway after the results are available as well.\n\n## Records to Prepare Before a Medical Appointment\n\nHaving medical records allows for a more accurate risk assessment. Rather than merely photographing test reports, organize the figures and dates. Also prepare a list of current medications and your family history.\n\n1. Prepare your recent lipid test results and test dates.\n2. Record the date, time, and readings of your home blood pressure measurements.\n3. List the medications and dietary supplements you are taking.\n4. Summarize your smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise status.\n5. Report any personal history of myocardial infarction or stroke.\n6. Tell your healthcare provider about any family history of premature cardiovascular disease.\n7. Show abnormal smartwatch records on the original screen.\n\nChoosing tests is not a competition to reduce anxiety by obtaining more scans. First ask whether the result would change a treatment decision. False positives and incidental findings must also be considered. Get necessary tests at the appropriate time, but avoid unnecessary screening.","content_html":"\u003cp\u003eHyperlipidemia is a form of dyslipidemia that may require treatment, and there is no way to flush out blood vessels without medication. Diet, exercise, and smoking cessation are fundamental, but they do not replace medication. Medication and additional testing are determined by considering LDL levels, existing conditions, age, and overall cardiovascular risk together.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReference date not specified: Check the Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines and the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency’s National Health Information Portal for the latest figures and diagnostic criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#the-relationship-between-hyperlipidemia-and-blood-vessels\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"the-relationship-between-hyperlipidemia-and-blood-vessels\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eThe Relationship Between Hyperlipidemia and Blood Vessels\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHyperlipidemia refers to an abnormal level of lipids in the blood. The term dyslipidemia is also used in clinical practice. Elevated LDL cholesterol is a representative type. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol are also evaluated together.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLDL particles can accumulate in artery walls. An inflammatory response can then lead to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. This is not the same as grease clinging to a drainpipe. It cannot be washed away with a particular food or drink.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLifestyle changes lower blood lipid levels and overall risk. Medications such as statins lower LDL and reduce risk. Stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque has been observed with some treatments. This does not mean that existing lesions disappear immediately.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe original wording of the official criteria can be found in the Korean Society of Hypertension guidelines and the National Health Information Portal. The claims reviewed in this article did not include quotations from official documents or their publication dates.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#what-can-be-managed-without-medication\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"what-can-be-managed-without-medication\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eWhat Can Be Managed Without Medication\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhether lifestyle changes alone are sufficient depends on an individual’s risk level. Not everyone is treated in the same way based on a single LDL level. Treatment intensity differs if cardiovascular disease is already present. Diabetes and smoking status are also considered.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following habits apply regardless of whether medication is used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuit smoking, including cigarettes and e-cigarettes.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDo not start drinking alcohol, or reduce consumption as much as possible.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInclude vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and fish in your diet.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReduce your intake of saturated fat and trans fat.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDo aerobic and strength exercise appropriate for your current condition.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDo not reduce or stop prescribed medication on your own.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is also incorrect to assume that lifestyle changes are unnecessary when taking medication. Conversely, following healthy lifestyle habits does not mean medication is unnecessary. The two approaches can be used together. Treatment goals should be set with your healthcare provider.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#how-to-measure-blood-pressure-at-home\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"how-to-measure-blood-pressure-at-home\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eHow to Measure Blood Pressure at Home\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHome blood pressure can be interpreted only when it is measured repeatedly under standardized conditions. A rise immediately after exercise or stress differs from resting blood pressure. You should rest quietly before taking a measurement. Cuff size and arm position also affect the result.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRest in a chair for at least 5 minutes before measuring.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSit with your back supported and both feet on the floor.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWrap an appropriately sized cuff around your bare upper arm.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRest your arm comfortably at heart level.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRepeat the measurement at the same time of day and record the results.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShow the device and records to your healthcare provider during your appointment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA diagnosis should not be confirmed based on a single systolic blood pressure result above 140mmHg. The criteria for office and home blood pressure may differ. Repeated results and accompanying risk factors must be considered together. Very high readings or unusual symptoms require immediate evaluation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBlood pressure can be an indicator that helps you review your lifestyle and health. However, it is not a health report card meant to induce guilt. Sleep, pain, medications, and caffeine also affect the readings. The cause should not be reduced simply to a lack of willpower.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#summary-by-condition\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"summary-by-condition\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eSummary by Condition\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTreatment and testing priorities vary depending on your current condition. The table below distinguishes situations that require medical care. It does not replace individualized diagnostic criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto\"\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eCurrent condition\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eWhat to check first\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eInterpretations to avoid\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Current condition\"\u003eHigh LDL without symptoms\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What to check first\"\u003eRepeat lipid testing and overall cardiovascular risk\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Interpretations to avoid\"\u003eAssuming it is safe because there are no symptoms\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Current condition\"\u003eHistory of myocardial infarction or stroke\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What to check first\"\u003ePrescribed treatment and target LDL management\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Interpretations to avoid\"\u003eReplacing medication with diet alone\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Current condition\"\u003eOne blood pressure reading above 140mmHg\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What to check first\"\u003eRepeat measurement after resting and medical consultation\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Interpretations to avoid\"\u003eConfirming a diagnosis based on a single reading\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Current condition\"\u003ePalpitations or an irregular pulse\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What to check first\"\u003eMedical-grade electrocardiogram and evaluation of the cause\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Interpretations to avoid\"\u003eConfirming a diagnosis from smartwatch alerts alone\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Current condition\"\u003eSudden onset of neurological symptoms\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What to check first\"\u003eImmediate evaluation in the emergency room\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Interpretations to avoid\"\u003eWaiting until a scheduled screening appointment\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Current condition\"\u003eConsidering screening without symptoms\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What to check first\"\u003eNeed for testing based on risk factors\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Interpretations to avoid\"\u003eScheduling regular MRI scans based on age alone\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSlurred speech or weakness in an arm or leg on one side may indicate an emergency. Sudden visual disturbances and severe headache also require evaluation. These symptoms should not be assessed using home blood pressure records. Use your local emergency medical system.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#comparison-by-test\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"comparison-by-test\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eComparison by Test\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUndergoing more tests does not necessarily increase the preventive benefit. Testing must account not only for the likelihood of detection but also for false positives and subsequent procedures. Symptoms and risk factors are the primary criteria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"overflow-x-auto\"\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTest\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eWhat it assesses\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eGeneral use\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003ePoints to note\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Test\"\u003eLipid test\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What it assesses\"\u003eLDL, HDL, and triglycerides\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"General use\"\u003eCardiovascular risk assessment and treatment monitoring\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Points to note\"\u003eWhether fasting is required depends on the test components\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Test\"\u003eGlycated hemoglobin\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What it assesses\"\u003eAverage blood glucose level over the past several months\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"General use\"\u003eDiabetes screening and management\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Points to note\"\u003eSome conditions, including anemia, can affect the result\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Test\"\u003eOffice and home blood pressure\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What it assesses\"\u003eResting blood pressure\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"General use\"\u003eHypertension screening and treatment monitoring\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Points to note\"\u003eProper posture and repeated measurements are necessary\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Test\"\u003e12-lead electrocardiogram\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What it assesses\"\u003eElectrical activity of the heart at the time of measurement\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"General use\"\u003eEvaluation of arrhythmias and heart conditions\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Points to note\"\u003eMay miss intermittent arrhythmias\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Test\"\u003eSmartwatch ECG\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What it assesses\"\u003eHeart rhythm information while worn\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"General use\"\u003eA supplementary record of abnormal signals\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Points to note\"\u003eNot a medical-grade confirmatory test\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Test\"\u003eCarotid ultrasound\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What it assesses\"\u003eNarrowing and lesions in the neck arteries\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"General use\"\u003eSelected when symptoms or examination findings are present\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Points to note\"\u003eThe benefit of screening asymptomatic members of the general public is uncertain\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Test\"\u003eBrain MRI·MRA\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"What it assesses\"\u003eStructure of brain tissue and cerebral blood vessels\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"General use\"\u003eSelected according to indications such as symptoms and family history\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd data-label=\"Points to note\"\u003eIncidental findings and additional testing are possible\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe U.S. Preventive Services Task Force does not recommend screening asymptomatic adults for carotid artery stenosis. This conclusion considers not only the ultrasound itself but also the potential harms of subsequent testing and procedures. Guidelines in other countries may differ in their detailed application. Tell your healthcare provider about your personal medical history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#criteria-for-brain-mri-and-cerebral-aneurysm-decisions\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"criteria-for-brain-mri-and-cerebral-aneurysm-decisions\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eCriteria for Brain MRI and Cerebral Aneurysm Decisions\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere is no universal standard recommending a one-time brain MRI·MRA for everyone aged 40 or older. The benefits of testing vary according to individual risk factors. Family history and certain genetic disorders may affect the decision. Sudden neurological symptoms require emergency evaluation, not routine screening.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCerebral aneurysms are not treated based on size alone. Their location, shape, and whether they are growing are also considered. Age and procedural risk are compared as well. The claim that every aneurysm at least 4mm in size requires a procedure is inaccurate.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEven if a screening center and a tertiary hospital use the same imaging equipment, the care they provide is not the same. Imaging methods and interpretation experience affect the results. The consultation and follow-up systems for abnormal findings should also be checked. Do not choose a testing facility based on price alone.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#calculation-example\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"calculation-example\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eCalculation Example\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe gap between life expectancy and healthy life expectancy must be calculated using the same reference year. Let us make a simple comparison between the stated life expectancies of 79 years for men and 84 years for women and a healthy life expectancy of approximately 66 years. This arithmetic is for illustration and does not represent the latest national statistics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimple gap for men: 79 years−66 years=13 years\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSimple gap for women: 84 years−66 years=18 years\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis calculation alone does not mean that serious illness begins at age 66. Healthy life expectancy is not an individual’s projected date of disease onset. Statistical definitions of disability and health status are applied. Subtracting figures from different years distorts the interpretation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBased on the figures provided, the gap for women is 18 years. Therefore, it is also inconsistent with the claim that everyone lives with illness for 10–15 years. An up-to-date comparison requires data from the same institution and the same year. The definitions of the indicators used by WHO or national statistical agencies should also be checked.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#interpreting-life-expectancy-and-organ-aging\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"interpreting-life-expectancy-and-organ-aging\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eInterpreting Life Expectancy and Organ Aging\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLife expectancy is a statistical indicator calculated from current mortality rates. It does not predict the age at which an individual will actually die. Healthy life expectancy also varies depending on the calculation method. Both indicators require a reference year and a definition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rate of tissue regeneration in the human body differs by organ. Not all cells are continually replaced in the same way. Some cells, such as neurons, have limited regenerative capacity. Aging cannot be explained solely as the depletion of organs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe medical limit of the human lifespan is not fixed at exactly 100 years either. Genetics and the environment both affect an individual’s lifespan. Infections, cancer, and cardiovascular disease also have an impact. The claim that replacing organs would enable eternal life has no clinical evidence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#the-practical-meaning-of-preventing-stroke-and-myocardial-infarction\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"the-practical-meaning-of-preventing-stroke-and-myocardial-infarction\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eThe Practical Meaning of Preventing Stroke and Myocardial Infarction\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe risk of stroke and myocardial infarction can be greatly reduced. However, they cannot be promised to be almost 100% preventable. Residual risk remains, meaning an event can occur even with proper management. Some factors, such as genetics and age, are difficult to change.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrevention does not end with testing once a year. Blood pressure and diabetes require ongoing management. Smoking and medication adherence must also be checked repeatedly. Lifestyle and treatment adherence between screenings determine outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe key management items are as follows.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMeasure blood pressure correctly and treat it.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEvaluate lipid levels and cardiovascular risk together.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManage blood glucose if you have diabetes.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDo not stop prescribed medication on your own.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLearn to recognize sudden stroke symptoms.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#why-cancer-and-dementia-cannot-be-explained-by-aging-alone\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"why-cancer-and-dementia-cannot-be-explained-by-aging-alone\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eWhy Cancer and Dementia Cannot Be Explained by Aging Alone\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe risk of cancer generally increases with age. Cellular mutations and changes in immune surveillance are involved. However, cancer cannot be explained solely by the aging of immune cells. Smoking, infections, and genetic factors also affect different types of cancer.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDementia is likewise not the same as normal aging. It has distinct causes, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Blood pressure management is associated with the risk of vascular cognitive impairment. It cannot be stated conclusively that it prevents all dementia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGrouping cancer and dementia together as simple age-related diseases obscures screening strategies. Cancer screening differs by cancer type and age. Cognitive decline requires an assessment of symptoms and functional changes. A single vascular test does not predict both diseases.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#common-mistakes\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"common-mistakes\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eCommon Mistakes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most common mistake is understanding health information as though it were about cleaning a drainpipe. Blood vessels cannot be cleansed with a single food. The following claims require particular caution.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssuming hyperlipidemia is not a disease and can be left untreated\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eClaiming that a natural food can replace a statin\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfirming hypertension based on a single blood pressure reading of 140mmHg\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStopping medication when blood pressure returns to normal\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eConfirming atrial fibrillation based on smartwatch alerts alone\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViewing carotid ultrasound as an essential test for everyone\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreating a 4mm cerebral aneurysm as a uniform threshold for a procedure\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAssuming that identical MRI equipment means identical interpretation and follow-up care\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTesting costs also cannot be stated as a fixed amount. They vary by medical institution and whether insurance coverage applies. Before testing, check the total cost and the scope of follow-up consultation. Ask about the care pathway after the results are available as well.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"#records-to-prepare-before-a-medical-appointment\" class=\"anchor\" id=\"records-to-prepare-before-a-medical-appointment\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003eRecords to Prepare Before a Medical Appointment\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHaving medical records allows for a more accurate risk assessment. Rather than merely photographing test reports, organize the figures and dates. Also prepare a list of current medications and your family history.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePrepare your recent lipid test results and test dates.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecord the date, time, and readings of your home blood pressure measurements.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eList the medications and dietary supplements you are taking.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSummarize your smoking, alcohol consumption, and exercise status.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReport any personal history of myocardial infarction or stroke.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTell your healthcare provider about any family history of premature cardiovascular disease.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShow abnormal smartwatch records on the original screen.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eChoosing tests is not a competition to reduce anxiety by obtaining more scans. First ask whether the result would change a treatment decision. False positives and incidental findings must also be considered. Get necessary tests at the appropriate time, but avoid unnecessary screening.\u003c/p\u003e\n","tags":["Exercise","Health Screening","Self Management","Eating habits","Healthy aging","Hyperlipidemia"],"faqs":[{"question":"Is hyperlipidemia not a disease?","answer":"Hyperlipidemia is a form of dyslipidemia and is a medical condition that requires diagnosis and management. Even without symptoms, elevated LDL may be associated with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease."},{"question":"Can food flush out the fat accumulated in blood vessels?","answer":"Atherosclerotic plaque is different from grease buildup in a drain, so it cannot be flushed out with food or drinks. Diet, exercise, and smoking cessation reduce risk, but they should not be used to replace necessary medication without medical guidance."},{"question":"Once you start taking cholesterol medication, do you have to take it for life?","answer":"The duration of treatment varies depending on existing cardiovascular disease, LDL levels, side effects, and overall risk. Improved levels may be an effect of the medication, so you should not stop taking it without consulting your healthcare provider."},{"question":"If my blood pressure at home is above 140 mmHg, does that mean I have hypertension?","answer":"A diagnosis is not confirmed based on a single systolic blood pressure reading. After resting for at least 5 minutes, take repeated measurements using the correct posture, and bring your records to be evaluated together with measurements taken at the clinic."},{"question":"Can a smartwatch diagnose atrial fibrillation?","answer":"A smartwatch is an assistive tool for detecting irregular rhythms. If alerts recur or you have symptoms, you should have them checked through a medical-grade electrocardiogram and clinical evaluation."},{"question":"Should all adults undergo a carotid ultrasound?","answer":"The benefit of routine screening for the asymptomatic general population has not been established. A healthcare provider determines whether it is necessary based on neurological symptoms, physical examination findings, and individual risk."},{"question":"Should everyone get a brain MRI or MRA once they reach their 40s?","answer":"Age alone is not a universal criterion for recommending it to everyone in their 40s. Family history, specific medical conditions, symptoms, and whether action can be taken based on the test results should all be considered."},{"question":"If a brain aneurysm is 4 mm, does it require an immediate procedure?","answer":"Whether to perform a procedure is not determined by size alone. Its location, shape, whether it is growing, age, risk of rupture, and procedural risk are compared together."},{"question":"Does a healthy life expectancy of 66 years mean that illnesses begin at age 66?","answer":"No. Healthy life expectancy is a statistical indicator that reflects mortality rates and health status in a population. It is not an age that predicts when an individual will develop an illness, and the reference year and calculation definition should also be checked."}],"sources":[{"url":"https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/themes/mortality-and-global-health-estimates/ghe-life-expectancy-and-healthy-life-expectancy","title":"WHO Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy","type":"data_point"},{"url":"https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/about-cholesterol","title":"American Heart Association About Cholesterol","type":"source"},{"url":"https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/high-blood-pressure/monitoring-your-blood-pressure-at-home","title":"American Heart Association Home Blood Pressure Monitoring","type":"source"},{"url":"https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation/statin-use-in-adults-preventive-medication","title":"USPSTF Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease","type":"source"}],"images":[{"id":1220,"url":"https://injoys.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTczNDgsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--3e8981502765f968eb22849d1c229cc3be69fd8f/ai-84312ebd.webp","is_representative":true,"generation_method":"ai_photo","license":"ai_generated","mime_type":"image/webp","translations":{"ko":{"alt":"검사 결과지를 살펴보는 여성에게 의사가 약을 두고 설명하는 진료 장면","caption":"의사가 환자와 검사 결과 및 고지혈증 약물 복용 여부를 상담하고 있다.","description":null},"en":{"alt":"Doctor explaining test results to a woman with tablets on a tray","caption":"A doctor discusses test results and possible cholesterol medication with a patient.","description":null},"ja":{"alt":"検査結果を見る女性に、薬を前に説明する医師","caption":"医師が患者に検査結果と脂質異常症の薬について説明している。","description":null},"es":{"alt":"Médico explica los resultados a una mujer junto a una bandeja con pastillas","caption":"El médico conversa con la paciente sobre sus resultados y la posible medicación para el colesterol.","description":null},"id":{"alt":"Dokter menjelaskan hasil pemeriksaan kepada wanita dengan tablet di atas baki","caption":"Dokter membahas hasil pemeriksaan dan kemungkinan obat kolesterol dengan pasien.","description":null},"pt":{"alt":"Médico explica resultados de exames a uma mulher diante de uma bandeja com comprimidos","caption":"O médico conversa com a paciente sobre os resultados e a possível medicação para o colesterol.","description":null},"zh-hant":{"alt":"醫師向查看檢查報告的女子說明，桌上放著一盤藥片","caption":"醫師正與患者討論檢查結果及是否需要服用降血脂藥物。","description":null},"de":{"alt":"Arzt erklärt einer Frau ihre Befunde, während Tabletten auf einem Tablett liegen","caption":"Der Arzt bespricht mit der Patientin ihre Befunde und eine mögliche Cholesterinmedikation.","description":null}}},{"id":1221,"url":"https://injoys.com/rails/active_storage/blobs/proxy/eyJfcmFpbHMiOnsiZGF0YSI6MTczNTQsInB1ciI6ImJsb2JfaWQifX0=--a898c60c2156ec5970f428cf7ae300dda6884147/ai-ac1edcae.webp","is_representative":false,"generation_method":"ai_image","license":"ai_generated","mime_type":"image/webp","translations":{"ko":{"alt":"검진표, 심장과 동맥 그림, 혈압계, 약, 채소, 운동화가 놓인 건강 관리 일러스트","caption":"고지혈증 검진과 약물 복용, 식단, 운동을 통한 심혈관 건강 관리를 보여준다.","description":null},"en":{"alt":"Health chart, heart and artery diagrams, blood pressure monitor, pills, vegetables, and running shoes","caption":"The illustration connects cholesterol screening and medication with diet, exercise, and heart health.","description":null},"ja":{"alt":"健診表、心臓と動脈の図、血圧計、薬、野菜、運動靴を並べた健康管理のイラスト","caption":"脂質異常症の検査や服薬と、食事・運動による心血管管理を表している。","description":null},"es":{"alt":"Informe médico, corazón y arteria, tensiómetro, pastillas, verduras y zapatillas deportivas","caption":"La ilustración relaciona el control del colesterol y la medicación con la dieta, el ejercicio y la salud cardíaca.","description":null},"id":{"alt":"Bagan pemeriksaan, ilustrasi jantung dan arteri, tensimeter, obat, sayuran, dan sepatu olahraga","caption":"Ilustrasi ini mengaitkan skrining kolesterol dan obat dengan pola makan, olahraga, dan kesehatan jantung.","description":null},"pt":{"alt":"Ficha médica, coração e artéria, medidor de pressão, comprimidos, vegetais e tênis esportivos","caption":"A ilustração relaciona exames e medicamentos para colesterol à alimentação, ao exercício e à saúde cardíaca.","description":null},"zh-hant":{"alt":"健檢表、心臟與動脈示意圖、血壓計、藥物、蔬菜和運動鞋的健康管理插畫","caption":"插畫呈現高血脂檢查、藥物治療與飲食運動對心血管健康的管理。","description":null},"de":{"alt":"Gesundheitsbogen, Herz- und Arteriengrafik, Blutdruckmessgerät, Tabletten, Gemüse und Laufschuhe","caption":"Die Illustration verbindet Cholesterinkontrolle und Medikamente mit Ernährung, Bewegung und Herzgesundheit.","description":null}}}],"published_at":"2026-09-11T22:39:48+09:00","updated_at":"2026-09-11T22:39:48+09:00","license":"cc_by","translation_status":"reviewed","available_locales":["ko","en","ja","es"],"data_locales":["ko","en","ja","es","id","pt","zh-hant","de"],"url":"https://injoys.com/en/articles/dyslipidemia-medication-screening-criteria"}