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Binder

History and People, records and timelines of how people and nations overcame adversity

We follow, through the record, how people and events in history met adversity and how they got through it. Here the facts that primary sources and public archives preserve are laid out as a timeline, followed by the background of the hardship, the turning point, and what the outcome left behind.

For Korean history we cover the wars of the Three Kingdoms and Goryeo, Joseon's science and the books written in exile, the independence movement and rebuilding after war, and industrialisation and democratisation, period by period. For world history we cover societies that came through epidemics and war, people who broke through disability and exclusion, and science and exploration achieved after repeated failure.

We never invent dialogue or scenes the record does not hold. What the sources say, what historians generally hold, and what is still disputed are kept apart, and every article names the records it follows and the date they were checked.

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No infographics are available in the current language, so infographics in all languages are shown.

Kim Yun-hu’s shot and the timing of Cheoin’s elevation to county status must be assessed with care. Battle of Cheoin Fortress: 1232 Resistance and Results
Distinguishing Kim Jeong-hui’s work and postscript from later responses helps explain how Sehando was made and passed down. Sehando: Kim Jeong-hui's Jeju Exile and Meaning
Citations of the War Diary must distinguish the handwritten draft from the later collected edition. Yi Sun-sin's 1597 Navy Rebuild and Battle of Myeongnyang
Estimates of participation in the gold collection vary by source, so their scope must be stated. 1998 IMF Gold Collection Campaign: Process and Results
A victory in a separate lawsuit ended bus segregation and brought the boycott to a close. Montgomery Bus Boycott: How It Ended in 1956
The Balmis expedition kept the vaccine active across the ocean by vaccinating children in succession. Balmis Expedition Smallpox Vaccine Transport in 1803
Student organizations and the Singanhoe network helped the movement spread nationwide. Gwangju Student Anti-Japanese Movement: 1929 Origins
The relief records also address repayment burdens and the remission of grain debts. Kim Man-deok and the 1795 Jeju Famine Relief
Despite opposition, Sejong continued the Hunminjeongeum project and broadened its use. Hunminjeongeum: Creation and Promulgation by 1446
Recreated during the Mongol invasions, the Tripitaka Koreana endured through careful correction and preservation. Tripitaka Koreana: Mongol Invasions and Preservation
Securing the six prefectures required more than a diplomatic agreement: Goryeo also had to strengthen its control of the region. Seo Hui’s 993 Negotiation and the Six Garrisons of Gangdong
Eulji Mundeok used a false surrender to scout and lure the Sui army, then attacked its rear during the crossing. Battle of Salsu 612: Eulji Mundeok's Strategy
The timeline, maps, and illustrations link the Battle of Cheonmunryeong to the founding of Balhae. Dae Joyeong: 698 Balhae Founding and Tianmenling Battle